Objectives : To evaluate the safety of TA pharmacopuncture, bacterial reverse mutation test was performed using histidine requiring Salmonella typhimurium (TA98, TA100, TA1535, and TA1537) and tryptophan requiring Escherichia coli (WP2uvrA (pKM101)) strains in the absence and presence of metabolic activation. Methods : TA pharmacopuncture was prepared by extracting from a herbal mixture (Scutellariae Radix 20 g, Phellodendri Cortex 20 g, Pulsatillae Radix 20 g, Sophorae Tonkinensis Radix et Rhizoma 20 g, Aucklandiae Radix 10 g, Carthami Fructus 30 g) using a mixture solvent of purified water for injection (500 mL) and alcohol (500 mL). In order to determine the dose levels of the main study, the dose range finding study was performed. The high dose of TA pharmacopuncture was selected at 100% and it was sequentially diluted by applying a geometric ratio of 2 to produce lower dose levels of 50.0, 25.0, 12.5, and 6.25%. The treatment volume was 100 μL. As a result, the growth inhibition and precipitation of the test substance were not evident at any dose level in each strain in the absence and presence of metabolic activation. Therefore, the dose levels of the main study were selected as 100, 50.0, 25.0, 12.5, and 6.25%. Also, the negative and positive control groups were set. Results : The mean number of revertant colonies was less than twice when compared to the negative control values at all dose levels of the TA pharmacopuncture in the presence and absence of metabolic activation, showing no dose-related increase. In the positive control group, the number of revertant colonies was markedly increased by more than twice when compared to the negative control group. Conclusions : TA pharmacopuncture did not exhibit any indications of mutagenic potential under the conditions of this study.

Objectives : This study was designed to evaluated the potential of TA pharmacopuncture on chromosomal aberrations in Chinese Hamster Lung (CHL/IU) cells. Methods : In order to determine the high dose level of the main study, a dose range finding study was conducted. The high dose was selected at 10.0% of undiluted TA pharmacopuncture and it was sequentially diluted to produce lower dose levels of 5.00, 2.50, 1.25, 0.625 and 0.313% by applying a geometric ratio of 2. The treatment volume was 0.3 mL. As a result, the cytotoxicity and precipitation of the test substance were not evident at any dose level in the short time treatments without and with metabolic activation and the continuous treatment without metabolic activation. Therefore, the dose levels of the main study were selected as 10.0, 5.0, and 2.5%. The treatment volume was 1.3 mL. Also, the negative and positive control groups were set. Results : In main study, the frequency of cells with chromosome aberrations was less than 5% in the short time treatments without and with metabolic activation and the continuous treatment without metabolic activation. Also, there was not statistically significantly different when compared to the negative control group. In the positive control group, the frequency of cells with structural chromosomal aberrations was more than 10% and statistically significantly increased compared to the negative control group. Conclusions : In conclusion, TA pharmacopuncture did not show any indication of potential to induce chromosome aberrations under the conditions of this study.

Objectives : A pharmacokinetic study of HO-pharmacopuncture solution was performed to rats. Blood, urine and stool samples were collected and analyzed in gas chromatogram (GC). Methods : Rats were injected intraperitoneally with HO (Carthami fructus)-pharmacopuncture solution (0.5 ml) and blood samples were collected from tail artery and urine and stool samples were acquired in individual metabolic cages. Results : GC chromatogram analysis of HO-pharmacopuncture solution showed a total of 12 peaks. In serum samples, the largest number of peak was identified on day 1 and six peaks were observed at the same retention time as standard HO until 10 days. In stool and urine samples, peaks at 45 min were observed at the same retention time as standard HO until 10 days. Conclusions : These results may be interpreted as most of components of HO was not accumulated in the serum but excreted as urine and stool.

Objectives : The aim of this study is to report the effect of V Pharmacopuncture and Korean medicine treatments on primary focal hyperhidrosis at the inguinal region in a male patient. Methods : Thirty-one years old male patient who had focal hyperhidrosis at the inguinal region was managed by V Pharmacopuncture at Zunyang [前兩. both side of Hoeeum (CV1. 會陰)] about 5 times per week, herbal medicine decoction Hyeongbangjihwang-tang 3 times per day, herbal medicine Eunhwasagan-tang 3 times per day and acupuncture treatment once a day for 25 days of hospitalization treatment. Results and Conclusions : After 25 days of Korean medicine treatments with V Pharmacopuncture during hospitalization, hyperhidrosis and eczema at the inguinal region was markedly improved.

Objective : This study is to show the clinical effect of additional TA (Treat Anti-imflammation) Pharmacopuncture on thoracic pain. Method : The patients were treated using TA Pharmacopuncture, and other treatments including acupunture, moxibustion and herbal medication. The effect of treatment was measured by Numeric rating scale (NRS). Results : After treatment, NRS was gradually reduced at each case. Conclusion : These results suggest that TA Pharmacopuncture might be a possible therapeutic option for thoracic pain caused by seat belt.

Objectives : This study is to show the clinical effect of CM Immuno-Pharmacopuncture on the patients with insomnia. Methods : Patients with insomnia were treated using CM Immuno-Pharmacopuncture. CM Immuno-Pharmacopuncture was injected into the vein 5 cc at a time. Insomnia severity index was investigated before and after treatment. Average number of treatments was about 5.27. CM Immuno-Pharmacopuncture was the only treat method during treatment. Results : After treatment, Insomnia severity index of every patients decreased and Quality of sleep was improved. Most of patients were satisfied with CM Immuno-Pharmacopuncture. Conclusions : CM Immuno-Pharmacopuncture may be effective in treating sleepless.