This dissertation focused on the fact that discrepancies exist between evaluation of interpretation in an educational setting where interpretation is mostly evaluated by comparing the interpreted results with the source text and evaluation of interpretation in the field and analyzed what kind of differences were observed upon evaluating identical interpretation results by five evaluators-first by comparing the results with the source text and then evaluating the results without the source test.
Based on quantitative evaluation, there was a slight change in the ranking of the students when the interpretation results were compared with the source text as opposed to evaluation without comparison and the average score decreased due to additional score deductions in accuracy; one can surmise that a more stringent and strict evaluation was conducted in the case where the source text was consulted.
Descriptive evaluation analysis indicated that vocal factors such as vocalization, accent and corrective speech amount to 65.5% of the total evaluation keywords in evaluation without source text evaluation where such factors carried more importance than textual factors (27.3%) such as accuracy and logic. The ratio of textual factors increased in source text-based evaluations compared to evaluation without checking the results against the source text, but the ratio of vocal factors was nonetheless more pronounced.
More importance needs to be shifted to vocal factors which primarily takes into consideration the receiver of the interpretation and appropriate guidance on such multifaceted evaluation rubrics should be given to learners in addition to textual factors such as accuracy and logic.

This study examines two different Korean translations of Luis Sepulveda's Spanish novel The old man who read love stories(1989) with a focus on the author's eco-critical literary frame and the destruction of ecosystem occurred by development of civilization and colonization in the Amazonian selva. The Chilean novelist Luis Sepulveda is a pioneer in the latinamerican narrative world, who has written the works with the theme of environmental crisis from the perspective of the Spanish American 'novela de la selva' genre and post-colonial eco-criticism. With this backdrop, this paper analyzes how The old man who read love stories reproduced into Korean translations focusing on the translator's strategies for the narrative representation of the environmental crisis and the ecological vision for the construction of a new ecological society. This will help explain how those effects in the source text take different forms in the target text due to the translators' perceptions of the source text and translation strategies and the effects readers receive in the end.

Many studies have found that regardless of who the evaluator is―interpreter or the service user―content-related criteria are deemed the most important in assessing interpreting quality. However, it must be noted that service users, in most cases, do not understand the source language. Naturally, this means that service users are in a disadvantageous position to evaluate the content-related quality of interpreting as they cannot compare the contents of the target text against the source text. The purpose of this study is to investigate how the service user evaluates the content-related quality of interpreting without having access to the source text. Through the use of structural equation modeling, this study shows that service users depend on the form-related criteria and not on the delivery-related criteria to guess how well the original message was delivered content-wise. Furthermore, it is found that when the interpreter fails to maintain a constant rate of speech, the service users regard it as a sign of drop in sense consistency.

Im ersten Teil dieser Stuide werden einige Uberlegungen zur Literaturkritik gemacht: 'Ubersetzungskritik als Literaturkritik' kann nicht mit der Aufgabe zufrieden stellen, zu prufen, ob eine Ubersetzung richtig oder falsch, adaquat oder inadaquat wiedergegeben ist. Mit der Ubersetzungskritik soll man eher darauf eingehen, was eigentlich im Prozess der Ubersetzung geschehen ist und wie die Sinne eines Ausgangstexts endgultig festgelegt werden.
Unter der Voraussetzung, dass eine Ubersetzungskritik eigentlich als eine Art der Literaturkritik dienen sollte, wird im hinteren Teil dieser Studie eine konkrete, deskriptive Ubersetzungskritik unternommen, in dem es sich um die koreanischen Ubersetzungen von Robert Walsers Texten handelt. Durch diese Ubersetzungen hat sich die literarische Welt eines Autors, der bis vor kurzem fur koreanische Leser kaum bekannt war, Schritt fur Schritt eroffnet.

The purpose of this article is to understand what directions can be made possible when the theoretical assets and achievements of Gille Deleuze's 'philosophy of difference', or 'the ontology of difference' - which is thoroughly discussed at a considerable extent in Korea - are applied to the field of translation discourse and its activities. That is to say, we aim to explore the possibilities of the translation theory based on the 'difference'. Accordingly, we should evaluate the factors that relate to translation and the points of inquiries from the concepts 'difference' and 'the ontology of difference', of which are already somewhat familiar to us. Eventually, this will ultimately be an attempt to explore Deleuze's translation theory that has been examined in terms of feasibility and practicality. In addition, this search invites us to observe the resonance of translation discourse and repercussions of Deleuze's 'ontology of difference'. In other words, we must pay close attention to the works of two scholars. One is Lawrence Venuti, a translation theorist who has developed his argument by explicitly applying Deleuze's 'philosophy of difference' to the discourse and practice of translation. The other is Antoine Berman, who has claimed - prior to Venuti and dissimilar to Deleuze - the Platonic overturn of translation theory and the advent of 'the foreign', 'the difference' and 'the other' in the world of translation. Conclusively, our discussion will be meaningful in that we can more clearly perceive the transition from the logic of 'the same' to that of 'the difference'.

This study aims to explore the experiences of first-time in-house interpreters/translators as they make transition from school to the workplace. A case study methodology was applied to gain a deep understanding on the nature and characteristics of their experiences as they begin to work as in-house interpreters after finishing a graduate program of interpretation and translation. Four participants were invited to participate in the study, where they submitted weekly reflection reports for 12 weeks after which they were interviewed by the researcher. The qualitative analysis of the reflection and interview data suggest that there were gaps between what the participants expected and the reality of the workplace. The participants also experienced difficulties in adjusting to the workplace as novice in-house interpreters. In particular, they struggled to define their status at the workplace in relation to their users and to get used to handling different types of translation and interpretation work that they were not familiar with. Some participants received support from the organization while others were left on their own to figure out the inner workings of the organization and their roles in the workplace. The findings of the study are expected to shed light on the experiences of novice interpreters at a deeper level, which in turn can help improve translation and interpretation education in Korea.

Along with the development of Neural Machine Translation (NMT), it has been predicted that machine translation can be used for various text types. However, predictions without objectives and scientific data are unreliable and even misleading. Hence, this paper tries to present an objective assessment of the current state of NMT and to investigate whether NMT can be applicable to Korean-to-English literary translation. The starting point is to step back from conventional mistranslation-centric approaches and to accommodate the findings both from natural language processing research and translation studies, since machine translation research is multidisciplinary in its nature. To that end, this paper introduces the structural limitations of NMT engines which have already been reported by engineering scholars, and tries to prove the limitations which cause distortion of the original meaning and literary effect. To build an objective data set, the machine translation outcomes from two free on-line translation engines were used to translate four Korean novels. Three of them were compared against human translation, segment by segment, to underline the difference and shortcomings of machine translation. In addition, machine translation outcomes of one novel, without matching human translation, were used just for data validation. Among the many constraints of NMT, this paper selected and focused on unpredictable omission, difficulty in reading the context, long sentence processing, and out-of-vocabulary processing. After reviewing all these drawbacks, this paper makes some suggestions as to how we should view machine translation as a potential tool for future literary translation.

The aim of this study is to try to answer the question of "Who interpreted the armistice negotiations of Korean War?" With the backdrop of the heightened public interest on the top-level interpreters who participated in the historical summit meeting between the United States and North Korea since the ceasing-fire of Korean War, the primary focus of the investigation was laid on how those interpreters of the armistice came to be as what they were when they were needed. The study found that two from-English-to-Korean interpreters were brothers, Horace and Richard Underwood. and their grandfather, Horace Grant Underwood, was one of the early Protestant missionary to Korea and influenced the society not only in evangelism but also in education and cultural development through establishing a school that has grown into one of the top universities in Korea, operating a publishing house that is active up until theses present days in distribution of Christian publications, and participating the translating project of the Bible into Korean. The strong relationship between the Underwood family and Korea has continued on through later generations. This paper will explore the stories of the second and third generations' lives in Korea, which eventually caused Horace and Richard Underwood to be prepared for and placed in the job of interpreting the historic political and military event that profoundly influenced the people of Korea.

The purpose of this study is to analyze Korean-Chinese translation errors and problems in public domain for foreigners, migrants, and multi-cultural families living in Korea, and to present standards for translation error analysis by inductive reasoning. To this end, the study collected pamphlets from the immigration office of the Ministry of Justice, identified the errors, and further divided the types of errors through three approaches: 1) source-oriented approach, 2) target-oriented approach, and 3) focus on consistency. First, three subtypes were observed through a source-oriented approach: equivalent error, missing translation, and unnecessary insertion. Next, the target-oriented approach was observed with three different linguistic levels: lexical, grammar, and style or genre. Finally, the inconsistency between the translations was mainly found in the lexical level, especially in terminology. The study presented new criteria for error analysis by inductive reasoning and revealed which error type is more common through quantitative analysis of errors. The main contribution of this research is that it conducted for the first Korean-Chinese translation study focusing on pamphlets for foreigners and multi-cultural families as a public document, and presented the criteria for translation error analysis by inductive reasoning.