Purpose: This paper treats the survey result from the suppliers of smart factories. Based on the survey results, it is provided suggestions about government policies of the smart factory.
Methods: For providing political suggestions, the survey of smart factory is conducted. The survey results are analyzed by the correlation and association methods based on the stratification.
Results: The survey results are analyzed for extracting policy-level suggestions. Multiple policy-level suggestions are identified and presented in the conclusion.
Conclusion: Six policy-level suggestions are presented for enhancing the management efficiency of suppliers of smart factory.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to present a recoil measurement and analysis of K2 rifle for the development of a virtual reality marksmanship training in the Republic of Korea Army.
Methods: For the recoil measurement, a test-bed is built by a barrel that has exact dimensions of K2 rifle and three piezoelectric pressure sensors mounted on the barrel. Data of over 200 rounds of 5.56mm M193 and K100 bullets are collected and analyzed from live fire experiments. For the recoil analysis, both the free recoil method and the gas exhaust aftereffect method are used to calculate a recoil velocity, momentum and kinetic energy of K2 rifle by applying the law of conservation of momentum. In addition, a new method is proposed that uses the third law of motion and the chamber pressure model for the recoil measurement
Results: The results show how different between the previous and proposed methods with respect to M193 and K100 bullets of K2 rifle. In M193, the free recoil method demonstrates 1.113, 4.197, and 2.335, the gas exhaust aftereffect method computes 1.698, 6.407, and 5.441, and the proposed method calculates 0.990, 3.734, and 1.848 in recoil velocity, momentum and kinetic energy, respectively. In K100, the free recoil method demonstrates 1.190, 4.487, and 2.669, the gas exhaust aftereffect method computes 1.776, 6.699, and 5.949, and the proposed method calculates 1.060, 3.998, and 2.119 in recoil velocity, momentum and kinetic energy, respectively.
Conclusion: This study implements live fire experiments to provide recoil velocity, momentum, and kinetic energy of K2 rifle using both M193 and K100 bullets. For the development of the army virtual reality marksmanship, the results in this paper would be useful to design and produce a gun and/or a rifle of virtual reality.

Purpose: Targeting the members of manufacturing and Service industry Quality Control team this study is going is to carry out research about whether the outcome of OCB(Organizational Citizenship Behaviors) and organization can be brought about by organizational culture that is suitable for them. this study tries to identify the direct·indirect causal relationship between these variables and OCB by selecting organizational culture as a leading variable and job satisfaction as a parameter.
Methods: SPSS 22.0 was used for data analysis and AMOS 18.0 statistical program for structural equation model analysis. For the descriptive statistics this study verified reliability analysis, feasibility analysis, structural equation model analysis, research hypothesis, and mediating effects.
Results: As a result of path analysis estimating the regression coefficients for the linear structure analysis of the correlations between variables for the hypothesis verification, the rational culture among the organiza-tional culture types of the manufacturing Quality Control team showed a positive (+) effect on the job satisfaction, and hierarchical culture has negative(-) effect on job satisfaction.
Conclusion: This study suggested that the composition and friendly behavior of desirable organizational culture has a very close relationship in connection between job satisfaction and OCB by examining the causal relationship between OCB for improvement activities for organizational culture by establishing the organizational culture and job satisfaction of the manufacturing Quality Control team.

Purpose: The primary objective of this research is to develop the optimal operating conditions as well as their associated design spaces for a Cryogenic Submerged Arc Welding(SAW) process by improving its quality and productivity simultaneously.
Methods: In order to investigate functional relationships among quality characteristics and their associated control factors of an SAW process, a stepwise design of experiment(DoE) method is proposed in this paper. Based on the DoE results, not only a multi-dimensional design space but also a safe operating space and normal acceptable range(NAR) by integrating statistical confidence intervals were demonstrated. In addition, the optimal operating conditions within the proposed NAR can be obtained by a robust optimal design method.
Results: This study provides a customized stepwise DoE method (i.e., a sequential set of DoE such as a factorial design and a central composite design) for Cryogenic SAW process and its statistical analysis results. DoE results can then provide both the main and interaction effects of input control factors and the functional relationships between the input factors and their associated output responses. Maximizing both the product quality with high impact strength and the productivity with minimum processing times simultaneously in a case study, we proposed a design space which can provide both acceptable productivity and quality levels and NARs of input control factors. In order to confirm the optimal factor settings and the proposed NARs, validation experiments were performed.
Conclusion: This research may provide significant contributions and applications to many SAW problems by preparing a standardization of the functional relationship between the input factors and their associated output response. Moreover, the proposed design space based on DoE and NAR methods can simultaneously consider a number of quality characteristics including tradeoff between productivity and quality levels.

Purpose: This study aims to determine the optimal conditions for the spot welding process that mechanically connects the case of a cylindrical secondary battery and the negative tab.
Methods: We use 33 factorial design to derive the optimal conditions for the spot welding process. The pulling strength, the cross-sectional area of nugget, and the shock test life are selected as response variables, which can represent the resistance welding quality. The input variables are selected as the welding time, welding voltage, and pressure, which are the controllable factors in the spot welding process.
Results: The main effects of welding time and welding voltage and the interaction effect of welding time and welding voltage are significant.
Conclusion: The optimal conditions for the spot welding process to mechanically join the negative electrode tab of the cylindrical secondary battery and the battery case are developed. The result shows that the pulling strength is increased by 44% compared to before improvement under optimal conditions.

Purpose: This paper aims to propose a practical strategy for smart factories and a step-by-step quality strategy according to the maturity of smart factory construction.
Methods: The characteristics, compositional requirements, and diagnosis system are examined for smart factories through theoretical considerations. Several cases of implementing smart factory are studied considering the company maturity level from the aspect of the smartness concept. And specific quality techniques and innovation activities are carefully reviewed.
Results: The maturity level of smart factory was classified into five phases: 1) ICT non-application, 2) basic, 3) intermediate 1, 4) intermediate 2, 5) advanced level. A five-step quality strategy was established on the basis of case studies; identify, measure, analyze, optimize, and customize. Some quality techniques are introduced for step-by-step implementation of quality strategies.
Conclusion: To build a successful smart factory, it is necessary to establish a quality strategy that suits the culture and size of the company. The quality management strategy proposed in this paper is expected to contribute to the establishment of appropriate strategies for the size and purpose of the company.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify the determinants affecting acceptability in the construction projects of renewable energy generation facilities.
Methods: This study used a method of conducting a survey of participants in the Renewable Energy construction project and verifying the hypothesis statistically.
Results: The results of this study are as follows; First, Communication, participation and benefit recognition have a positive effect on mutual trust. Second, Benefit perception' has a positive effect on mutuality collaboration. Third, mutual trust have a positive effect on mutual collaboration. Fourth, mutual trust and mutual cooperation had a positive effect on. Finally, risk perception has a moderating effect on the relationship between mutual trust and acceptability, and the relationship between mutual collaboration and acceptability.
Conclusion: This study suggests strategic directions for the success of the construction project for renewable energy generation facilities by identifying the determinants of availability.

Purpose: This study would measure the users'perceived overall quality level of A automobile Company, which has leading market power in the domestic automobile market and analyze the causal relationships in the quality value process Model to quality capability, customer value and loyalty based on that. Especially, this study would analyze the relative impacts of the users'perceived risks appearing in the quality value process model of the formation of Quality Factors(QF), Customer Value(CV), and Customer Loyalty(CL) and analyze the moderating effect of the causal relationships among the components.
Methods: For an analysis of causal relationships connected to QF, CV, and CL of the customers who purchased Auto manufacturer A's automobile users, 179 users who used within 3 years were utilized as samples for the analysis. As for QF, based on the Garvin(1988), the QF of automobiles were redesigned. For a structural equation analysis of the entire research model, the PLS(S(Partial Least Square) model was utilized.
Results: As a result of an analysis, R2 of CV and CL was 0.652 for CV and 0.664 for CL, which was a very stable Goodness of fit. As a result of an analysis of the hypotheses of QF and CV, automobile performance, conformance, aesthetics, serviceability, and durability. In addition, it turned out that the perceived risk had a moderating effect on convenience, service availability, and perceived quality.
Conclusion: This study found that the perceived quality risk appearing among automobile users had negative effects on the quality value process model to QF, CV and CL. In contrast, there were factors not affecting the users'quality value process in spite of the perceived risk. These factors can suggest important managerial implications in that they can be utilized as Auto manufacturer A's market-dominant strengths.

Purpose: This study analyzes the characteristics of the Quality Management performed by SMEs in the Defense Industry in supply chains and analyzes the effect of the continuous improvement activities based on cooperation. Especially, for Military Supplies, the suitability of products is usually decided by judging their conformity to the specification, and from this structural characteristic, this study would analyze the structural relationship of systematic improvement activities with Supply Chain Quality Management(SCQM) and Business Performance(BP).
Methods: Continuous improvement activities(CI) have significance as the driver force for the promotion of Quality Management. Thus, this study analyzed the causal relationships from the perspective of the process among CI, SCQM and BP. For an analysis of the structural characteristics and causal relationships among the constituents, AMOS was used, and 297 companies in the Defense Industry were utilized as samples.
Results: It turned out that CI had significant impacts on Management Infra(MGT_Infra), Process Management(PM), Human Resources Management(HRM) and Communication(COMU) and had an indirect impact on the enterprises' financial performance through the parameters of HRM and Communication. Meanwhile, it turned out that between CI and non-financial performance, there was a direct effect, and there was also an indirect effect through the variables of the Management Infra and Communication.
Conclusion: It turned out that CI had a positive effect on SCQM as a proactive driver and that they had significant relationships with BP(financial, Non-financial), both financial performance and non-financial performance. However, PM did not have a significant relationship of effect with BP because of the character appearing by the evaluation method of military supplies for the conformity to the specifications.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is conducting of predictive models that considered multicollinearity of independent variables in order to carry out more efficient and reliable predictions about differential pressure in seawater reverse osmosis.
Methods: The main variables of each RO system are extracted through factor analysis. Common variables are derived through comparison of RO system # 1 and RO system # 2. In order to carry out the prediction modeling about the differential pressure, which is the target variable, we constructed the prediction model reflecting the regression analysis, the artificial neural network, and the support vector machine in R package, and figured out the superiority of the model by comparing RMSE.
Results: The number of factors extracted from factor analysis of RO system #1 and RO system #2 is same. And the value of variability(% Var) increased as step proceeds according to the analysis procedure. As a result of deriving the average RMSE of the models, the overall prediction of the SVM was superior to the other models.
Conclusion: This study is meaningful in that it has been conducting a demonstration study of considering the multicollinearity of independent variables. Before establishing a predictive model for a target variable, it would be more accurate predictive model if the relevant variables are derived and reflected.